[68], By 1996, Teresa operated 517 missions in over 100 countries. Rajagopal MR, Joranson DE, and Gilson AM (2001), "Medical use, misuse and diversion of opioids in India". "Medicine cured 'miracle' woman – not Mother Teresa, say doctors". In 1991, after a bout of pneumonia in Mexico, she had additional heart problems. I did not let a single tear come. [94] During filming, footage shot in poor lighting (particularly at the Home for the Dying) was thought unlikely to be usable by the crew. [45], On 7 October 1950, Teresa received Vatican permission for the diocesan congregation, which would become the Missionaries of Charity. As to my calling, I belong to the world. [109], In 1979, Teresa received the Nobel Peace Prize "for work undertaken in the struggle to overcome poverty and distress, which also constitutes a threat to peace". "It was by talking to her that I discovered, and she assured me, that she wasn't working to alleviate poverty", he said, "She was working to expand the number of Catholics. Retrieved 25 May 2007. [18][19] Her mother may have been from a village near Gjakova. In 1950, Teresa founded the Missionaries of Charity, a Roman Catholic religious congregation that had over 4,500 nuns and was active in 133 countries in 2012. Aroup Chatterjee, a physician born and raised in Calcutta who was an activist in the city's slums for years around 1980 before moving to the UK, said that he "never even saw any nuns in those slums". "[114], During her lifetime, Teresa was among the top 10 women in the annual Gallup's most admired man and woman poll 18 times, finishing first several times in the 1980s and 1990s. "[94][137], However, the correspondence has been compiled in Mother Teresa: Come Be My Light. Her life-long devotion to the care of the poor, the sick, and the disadvantaged was one of the highest examples of service to our humanity. [116][117], According to a paper by Canadian academics Serge Larivée, Geneviève Chénard and Carole Sénéchal, Teresa's clinics received millions of dollars in donations but lacked medical care, systematic diagnosis, necessary nutrition and sufficient analgesics for those in pain;[118] in the opinion of the three academics, "Mother Teresa believed the sick must suffer like Christ on the cross". According to Besra, a beam of light emanated from the picture and her cancerous tumour was cured; however, her husband and some of her medical staff said that conventional medical treatment eradicated the tumour. "Archbishop: Mother Teresa underwent exorcism". A subsequent investigation took place in Brazil from 19–26 June 2015 which was later transferred to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints who issued a decree recognizing the investigation to be completed. [39], She began missionary work with the poor in 1948,[26] replacing her traditional Loreto habit with a simple, white cotton sari with a blue border. [153], Francis canonised her at a ceremony on 4 September 2016 in St. Peter's Square in Vatican City. [169][170] Beginning on 5 September 2013, the anniversary of her death has been designated the International Day of Charity by the United Nations General Assembly. [54], The Missionaries of Charity Brothers was founded in 1963, and a contemplative branch of the Sisters followed in 1976. Tale nome è passato nel greco Mariam e poi nel latino Maria. "[122] He accused her of hypocrisy for choosing advanced treatment for her heart condition. Meg Greene, Mother Teresa: A Biography, Greenwood Press, 2004, page 18. [57] By 2007, the Missionaries of Charity numbered about 450 brothers and 5,000 sisters worldwide, operating 600 missions, schools and shelters in 120 countries. [141] Francis emphasised poverty, chastity, obedience and submission to Christ. By citizenship, an Indian. Its popularity likely increased because of the prominence of several Roman Catholic saints, including Teresa of Ávila, Thérèse of Lisieux and, most recently, Mother Teresa. Building on this theme in her Nobel lecture, she said: "Around the world, not only in the poor countries, but I found the poverty of the West so much more difficult to remove. [87] Vishwa Hindu Parishad, however, opposed the government decision to grant her a state funeral. (14 September 1997). [48] Those brought to the home received medical attention and the opportunity to die with dignity in accordance with their faith: Muslims were read the Quran, Hindus received water from the Ganges, and Catholics received extreme unction. [164] A number of tributes by Teresa's biographer, Navin Chawla, have appeared in Indian newspapers and magazines. [80] Teresa's official biography, by Navin Chawla, was published in 1992. "[140], Although her order was not connected with the Franciscan orders, Teresa admired Francis of Assisi[141] and was influenced by Franciscan spirituality. 2003). To fail would have been to break the faith. She was born in Skopje (now the capital of North Macedonia), then part of the Kosovo Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire. I don't do it for this reason. Chawla, Navin. [47], In 1952, Teresa opened her first hospice with help from Calcutta officials. Frank Newport, David W. Moore, and Lydia Saad (13 December 1999). [157][158] On 6 September 2017, about 500 people attended the Mass at a cathedral where Dominique Gomes, the local Vicar General,[159] read the decree instituting her as the second patron saint of the archdiocese. I thought how much they must ache in body and soul, looking for a home, food and health. CNN Staff, "Mother Teresa: A Profile", retrieved from CNN online. Si è soliti festeggiare l’onomastico di Teresa il giorno 15 ottobre, in onore di Santa Teresa d’Avila, mistica spagnola del XVI secolo. [105] She challenged an audience of 4,500 to "know poor people in your own home and local neighbourhood", feeding others or simply spreading joy and love,[106] and continued: "The poor will help us grow in sanctity, for they are Christ in the guise of distress". [90] Other civilian awards included the Balzan Prize for promoting humanity, peace and brotherhood among peoples (1978)[103] and the Albert Schweitzer International Prize (1975). [100] The United Kingdom and the United States bestowed a number of awards, culminating in the Order of Merit in 1983 and honorary citizenship of the United States on 16 November 1996. She was honoured by governments and civilian organisations, and appointed an honorary Companion of the Order of Australia in 1982 "for service to the community of Australia and humanity at large". She found it in prayer and in the silent contemplation of Jesus Christ, his Holy Face, his Sacred Heart. Teresa, Theresa and Therese (French: Thérèse) are feminine given names. In questo caso il significato del nome Teresa sarebbe “nativa di Thera”. "[86] On the Hindu right, the Bharatiya Janata Party clashed with Teresa over the Christian Dalits but praised her in death and sent a representative to her funeral. ", "Mother Teresa: The Road to Official Sainthood", "Her Legacy: Acceptance and Doubts of a Miracle", "What's Mother Teresa Got to Do with It? [145] Dr. Ranjan Mustafi, who told The New York Times he had treated Besra, said that the cyst was caused by tuberculosis: "It was not a miracle ... She took medicines for nine months to one year. Il primo elemento, Maria, deriva dall’ebraico Miryam, ma la sua origine potrebbe essere egizia, da myr. [56], By 1997, the 13-member Calcutta congregation had grown to more than 4,000 sisters who managed orphanages, AIDS hospices and charity centers worldwide, caring for refugees, the blind, disabled, aged, alcoholics, the poor and homeless and victims of floods, epidemics and famine. When I try to raise my thoughts to Heaven, there is such convicting emptiness that those very thoughts return like sharp knives and hurt my very soul. [84], Bikash Ranjan Bhattacharya, mayor of Kolkata from 2005 to 2010, said that "she had no significant impact on the poor of this city", glorified illness instead of treating it and misrepresented the city: "No doubt there was poverty in Calcutta, but it was never a city of lepers and beggars, as Mother Teresa presented it. "[38] Joseph Langford later wrote, "Though no one knew it at the time, Sister Teresa had just become Mother Teresa". She left the school. Secondo alcune fonti il primo utilizzo di questo nome è attestato nel IV secolo.Therasia era infatti la moglie di san Paolino da Nola, oltre ad essere il nome di un’isola appartenente all’arcipelago delle Cicladi. According to Archbishop of Calcutta Henry Sebastian D'Souza, he ordered a priest to perform an exorcism (with her permission) when she was first hospitalized with cardiac problems because he thought she might be under attack by the devil. [104] In April 1976 Teresa visited the University of Scranton in northeastern Pennsylvania, where she received the La Storta Medal for Human Service from university president William J. "The Religious Community of priests founded by Mother Teresa. Prime Minister of Pakistan Nawaz Sharif called her "a rare and unique individual who lived long for higher purposes. "Most Admired Men and Women: 1948–1998". (2002) "Mother Teresa of Calcutta (1910–1997)". [161] Its construction, begun in 2011, sparked controversy in Muslim circles who saw it as oversized relative to the number of Catholics in the area. The charitable organisation Sevalaya runs the Mother Teresa Girls Home, providing poor and orphaned girls near the underserved village of Kasuva in Tamil Nadu with free food, clothing, shelter and education. For other uses, see, Muggeridge (1971), chapter 3, "Mother Teresa Speaks", pp. She said that suffering was a gift from God. [71], In April 1996 she fell, breaking her collarbone, and four months later she had malaria and heart failure. I do it for Christ. Origine. [50] The Missionaries of Charity established leprosy-outreach clinics throughout Calcutta, providing medication, dressings and food. Although he said, "We didn't have to prove that she was perfect or never made a mistake ...", he had to prove that Teresa's virtue was heroic. Teresa received a number of honors, including the 1962 Ramon Magsaysay Peace Prize and 1979 Nobel Peace Prize. "Top Ten Things to Know About Mother Teresa", Embassy of India in Armenia Official Website, "Indianborn nun to succeed Mother Teresa", "The Vatican's secretary of state delivers a homily at Mother Teresa's funeral", "Mother Teresa of Calcutta Online Memorial Tribute", "Nehru Award Recipients | Indian Council for Cultural Relations | Government of India", "In India, Teresa Draws Devotees of All Faiths", "Commemorative coin on Mother Teresa released – Times of India", "A Critic's Lonely Quest: Revealing the Whole Truth About Mother Teresa", "Was Mother Teresa a saint? '"[125] Although Hitchens thought he was the only witness called by the Vatican, Aroup Chatterjee (author of Mother Teresa: The Untold Story) was also called to present evidence opposing Teresa's beatification and canonisation;[126] the Vatican had abolished the traditional "devil's advocate", which served a similar purpose. Jones, Alice & Brown, Jonathan (7 March 2007). Teresa è un nome femminile di origine incerta. [58], Teresa said, "By blood, I am Albanian. [161], Mother Teresa Women's University,[162] in Kodaikanal, was established in 1984 as a public university by the government of Tamil Nadu. Although Teresa had heart surgery, her health was clearly declining. Praising her "selfless caring", energy and bravery, the author of the tribute criticized Teresa's public campaign against abortion and her claim to be non-political. Mother Mary Teresa Bojaxhiu[6] (born Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu, Albanian: [aˈɲɛzə ˈɡɔndʒɛ bɔjaˈdʒiu]; 26 August 1910 – 5 September 1997), honoured in the Catholic Church as Saint Teresa of Calcutta,[7] was an Albanian-Indian[4] Roman Catholic nun and missionary. 105, 113. [16] Her father, who was involved in Albanian-community politics in Ottoman Macedonia, died in 1919 when she was eight years old. Kwilecki, Susan and Loretta S. Wilson, "Was Mother Teresa Maximizing Her Utility? She converted an abandoned Hindu temple into the Kalighat Home for the Dying, free for the poor, and renamed it Kalighat, the Home of the Pure Heart (Nirmal Hriday). Teresa then expanded the congregation abroad, opening a house in Venezuela in 1965 with five sisters. In 1950 she founded ‘Missionaries of Charity'. ", In Deus caritas est (his first encyclical), Pope Benedict XVI mentioned Teresa three times and used her life to clarify one of the encyclical's main points: "In the example of Blessed Teresa of Calcutta we have a clear illustration of the fact that time devoted to God in prayer not only does not detract from effective and loving service to our neighbour but is in fact the inexhaustible source of that service. In 2009 the Memorial House of Mother Teresa was opened in her hometown of Skopje, North Macedonia. By faith, I am a Catholic nun. "Nehmen ist seliger denn geben. Because if a mother can kill her own child – what is left for me to kill you and you kill me – there is nothing between. [101] Teresa's Albanian homeland gave her the Golden Honour of the Nation in 1994,[90] but her acceptance of this and the Haitian Legion of Honour was controversial. [72], On 13 March 1997 Teresa resigned as head of the Missionaries of Charity, and she died on 5 September. Nomi simili: Teresina, Tessa, Tyra, Teodora, Tosca, Nomi originali: consigli (rari) per lui e per lei. [134] According to James Langford, these doubts were typical and would not be an impediment to canonisation. Syro-Malabar Catholic, Syro-Malankara Catholic, Latin Catholic, Malankara Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church, Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church, Protestant denominations "[78], Teresa was first recognised by the Indian government more than a third of a century earlier, receiving the Padma Shri in 1962 and the Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding in 1969. [37], On 10 September 1946, Teresa experienced what she later described as "the call within the call" when she traveled by train to the Loreto convent in Darjeeling from Calcutta for her annual retreat. On 6 September 2017, Teresa and St. Francis Xavier were named co-patrons of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Calcutta. With no income, she begged for food and supplies and experienced doubt, loneliness and the temptation to return to the comfort of convent life during these early months: Our Lord wants me to be a free nun covered with the poverty of the cross. [52], The congregation began to attract recruits and donations, and by the 1960s it had opened hospices, orphanages and leper houses throughout India. [69] Her Missionaries of Charity grew from twelve to thousands, serving the "poorest of the poor" in 450 centres worldwide. Frank Newport (31 December 1999). Essendo un nome di origine incerta, anche il suo significato non è del tutto certo. While looking for a home I walked and walked till my arms and legs ached. [110] She refused the conventional ceremonial banquet for laureates, asking that its $192,000 cost be given to the poor in India[111] and saying that earthly rewards were important only if they helped her to help the world's needy. [172], On 5 September 2017, St. Teresa Cathedral, the first Roman Catholic cathedral named in Teresa's honor, was consecrated in Kosovo. [70], Teresa had a heart attack in Rome in 1983 while she was visiting Pope John Paul II. Officials at Balurghat Hospital, where Besra sought medical treatment, said that they were pressured by the order to call her cure miraculous. According to Time, calls to Sister Betta and the office of Sister Nirmala (Teresa's successor as head of the order) elicited no comment. [60], At the height of the Siege of Beirut in 1982, Teresa rescued 37 children trapped in a front-line hospital by brokering a temporary cease-fire between the Israeli army and Palestinian guerrillas. [154][155] It was televised live on the Vatican channel and streamed online; Skopje, Teresa's hometown, announced a week-long celebration of her canonisation. Mother House of the Missionaries of Charity. [21] Her resolve strengthened on 15 August 1928 as she prayed at the shrine of the Black Madonna of Vitina-Letnice, where she often went on pilgrimages. "Nobel Prize Lecture". She received a state funeral from the Indian government in gratitude for her service to the poor of all religions in the country. [34] Although Teresa enjoyed teaching at the school, she was increasingly disturbed by the poverty surrounding her in Calcutta. [46] In her words, it would care for "the hungry, the naked, the homeless, the crippled, the blind, the lepers, all those people who feel unwanted, unloved, uncared for throughout society, people that have become a burden to the society and are shunned by everyone". [76] Assisted by five priests, Cardinal Secretary of State Angelo Sodano, the Pope's representative, performed the last rites. Teresa was criticised for implicitly supporting the Duvaliers and corrupt businessmen such as Charles Keating and Robert Maxwell; she wrote to the judge of Keating's trial, requesting clemency. [36], During this visit to Darjeeling by train, she heard the call of her inner conscious. [142], After Teresa's death in 1997, the Holy See began the process of beatification (the second of three steps towards canonisation) and Kolodiejchuk was appointed postulator by the Diocese of Calcutta. She said, 'I'm not a social worker. Lay Catholics and non-Catholics were enrolled in the Co-Workers of Mother Teresa, the Sick and Suffering Co-Workers, and the Lay Missionaries of Charity. Significato del nome Teresa, origine ed etimologia di Teresa, onomastico, diffusione, popolarità e altre curiosità sul nome Teresa. [136] She requested that her letters be destroyed, concerned that "people will think more of me – less of Jesus. Rajagopal MR, and Joranson DE (2007), "India: Opioid availability – An update", Rajagopal MR (2011), interview with the UN Office on Drugs and Crime, April 2011, Wüllenweber, Walter. Tens of thousands of people witnessed the ceremony, including 15 government delegations and 1,500 homeless people from across Italy. [152], On 17 December 2015, the Vatican Press Office confirmed that Pope Francis recognised a second miracle attributed to Teresa: the healing of a Brazilian man with multiple brain tumours back in 2008. [153] The miracle first came to the attention of the postulation (officials managing the cause) during the events of World Youth Day 2013 when the pope was in Brazil that July. Meg Greene, Mother Teresa: A Biography, Greenwood Press, 2004, page 25. [79] She later received other Indian awards, including the Bharat Ratna (India's highest civilian award) in 1980. [105] In August 1987 Teresa received an honorary doctor of social science degree, in recognition of her service and her ministry to help the destitute and sick, from the university. Members take vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience, and also profess a fourth vow – to give "wholehearted free service to the poorest of the poor."[9]. The first Missionaries of Charity home in the United States was established in the South Bronx area of New York City, and by 1984 the congregation operated 19 establishments throughout the country. [173], This article is about Mother Teresa of Calcutta, Catholic nun and saint. Mother Teresa Day (Dita e Nënë Terezës), 19 October, is a public holiday in Albania. [160], The Roman Catholic Church declared St. Francis Xavier the first patron saint of Calcutta in 1986. [61] Accompanied by Red Cross workers, she travelled through the war zone to the hospital to evacuate the young patients. [119] It was said that the additional money might have transformed the health of the city's poor by creating advanced palliative care facilities. Responding to requests by many priests, in 1981 Mother Teresa founded the Corpus Christi Movement for Priests[55] and with Joseph Langford the Missionaries of Charity Fathers in 1984, to combine the vocational aims of the Missionaries of Charity with the resources of the priesthood. [149][150] Because of the attacks on her, some Catholic writers called her a sign of contradiction. [123][124] Hitchens said that "her intention was not to help people", and that she lied to donors about how their contributions were used. The name may be derived from the Greek verb θερίζω (therízō), meaning to harvest. Her authorized biography was written by Navin Chawla and published in 1992, and she has been the subject of films and other books. ", This page was last edited on 10 October 2020, at 07:45. Teresa singled out abortion as "the greatest destroyer of peace today. NobelPrize.org. Today, I learned a good lesson. Nomi simili: Teresina, Tessa, Tyra, Teodora, Tosca "[112], Barbara Smoker of the secular humanist magazine The Freethinker criticised Teresa after the Peace Prize award, saying that her promotion of Catholic moral teachings on abortion and contraception diverted funds from effective methods to solve India's problems.
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