[16] This was the period of the Mycenaean Expansion when the Achaioi (as they were called by Homer) settled in Asia Minor during the 14th and 13th centuries BC. According to the legend, he founded Ephesus on the place where the oracle of Delphi became reality ("A fish and a boar will show you the way"). In 1869 he discovered the pavement of the temple, but since further expected discoveries were not made the excavations stopped in 1874. Epiphanius, however, was keen to point out that, while the Bible says John was leaving for Asia, it does not say specifically that Mary went with him. During the Classical Greek era it was one of the twelve cities of the Ionian League. This marked the decline of the city's splendour. The city flourished after it came under the control of the Roman Republic in 129 BC. The history of archaeological research in Ephesus stretches back to 1863, when British architect John Turtle Wood, sponsored by the British Museum, began to search for the Artemision. Ephesus remained the most important city of the Byzantine Empire in Asia after Constantinople in the 5th and 6th centuries. These wars did not greatly affect daily life in Ephesus. The importance of the city as a commercial centre declined as the harbour was slowly silted up by the river (today, Küçük Menderes) despite repeated dredging during the city's history. In 478 BC, the Ionian cities with Athens entered into the Delian League against the Persians. Following a revolt by the people, Ephesus was ruled by a council. The mythical founder of the city was a prince of Athens named Androklos, who had to leave his country after the death of his father, King Kodros. Such a large estimate would require population densities seen in only a few ancient cities, or extensive settlement outside the city walls. Pausanias mentions that the temple was built by Ephesus, son of the river god Caystrus,[21] before the arrival of the Ionians. Ephesus was one of the seven churches of Asia that are cited in the Book of Revelation. This would have been impossible at Ephesus because of the mountain ranges, coastline and quarries which surrounded the city.[39]. The Ephesians were surprisingly modern in their social relations:[citation needed] they allowed strangers to integrate and education was valued. After the Cimmerians had been driven away, the city was ruled by a series of tyrants. He argues that population densities of 150 or 250 people per hectare (100 per acre) are more realistic which gives a range of 33,600 to 56,000 inhabitants. Ephesus revolted after the treacherous death of Agathocles, giving the Hellenistic king of Syria and Mesopotamia Seleucus I Nicator an opportunity for removing and killing Lysimachus, his last rival, at the Battle of Corupedium in 281 BC. Ephesus also had several major bath complexes, built at various times while the city was under Roman rule. [20] Androklos and his dog are depicted on the Hadrian temple frieze, dating from the 2nd century. After the murder of king Antiochus II Theos and his Egyptian wife, pharaoh Ptolemy III invaded the Seleucid Empire and the Egyptian fleet swept the coast of Asia Minor. During the Peloponnesian War, Ephesus was first allied to Athens[citation needed] but in a later phase, called the Decelean War, or the Ionian War, sided with Sparta, which also had received the support of the Persians.
The Revelation Explained: An Exposition, Text by Text, of the Apocalypse of St. John by F.G. Smith, 1918, public domain.
In the early 2nd century AD, the church at Ephesus was still important enough to be addressed by a letter written by Bishop Ignatius of Antioch to the Ephesians which begins with "Ignatius, who is also called Theophorus, to the Church which is at Ephesus, in Asia, deservedly most happy, being blessed in the greatness and fullness of God the Father, and predestinated before the beginning of time, that it should be always for an enduring and unchangeable glory" (Letter to the Ephesians). The wall of Lysimachus has been estimated to enclose an area of 415 hectares (1,030 acres). WINE ADVOCATE. From Ephesus, Mithridates ordered every Roman citizen in the province to be killed which led to the Asiatic Vespers, the slaughter of 80,000 Roman citizens in Asia, or any person who spoke with a Latin accent. Ao longo de sua história, Éfeso era um dos centros mais importantes do mundo, desempenhando um papel importante no cultural, artístico e científico. [67], The Temple of Hadrian dates from the 2nd century but underwent repairs in the 4th century and has been reerected from the surviving architectural fragments. But when they saw how badly the people of Chios had been treated by Zenobius, a general of Mithridates, they refused entry to his army. As a result, rule over the cities of Ionia was ceded again to Persia. [43] (Today, the harbour is 5 kilometres inland). It was partially destroyed by an earthquake in AD 614. Sackings by the Arabs first in the year 654–655 by caliph Muawiyah I, and later in 700 and 716 hastened the decline further. [49] Ephesus was one of the seven cities addressed in the Book of Revelation, indicating that the church at Ephesus was strong. In October 2016, Turkey halted the works of the archeologists, which had been ongoing for more than 100 years, due to tensions between Austria and Turkey.
[33], Mark Antony was welcomed by Ephesus for periods when he was proconsul[34] and in 33 BC with Cleopatra when he gathered his fleet of 800 ships before the battle of Actium with Octavius. Visite a primeira cidade greco-romana do mundo antigo, Éfeso.
Many had lived in Ephesus, and statues and monument of Roman citizens in Ephesus were also destroyed. Nearby Ayasuluğ was renamed Selçuk in 1914. The city was famed for the nearby Temple of Artemis (completed around 550 BC), one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Early centers of Christianity in Anatolia, "The Arzawa letters in recent perspective", "Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology", Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft, Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, "History of Rome: The Mithridatic Wars §§46–50", Ephesus after antiquity: a late antique, Byzantine, and Turkish city, Announcement on the Withdrawal of E8 New Turkish Lira Banknotes from Circulation, "Ephesos – An Ancient Metropolis: Exploration and History", Austrian minister thanks Turkey for resuming excavations in Ephesus, Official website of the terrace houses of Ephesus, Chelae on the Asian coast of the Bosphorus, Chelae on the European coast of the Bosphorus, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ephesus&oldid=985190041, Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey, Archaeological sites in the Aegean Region, Populated places established in the 10th century BC, Articles with German-language sources (de), Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles containing Turkish-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2007, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2013, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. The Temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, once stood 418' by 239' with over 100 marble pillars each 56' high. The Odeon was a small roofed theatre[66] constructed by Publius Vedius Antoninus and his wife around 150 AD. Conheça o Templo de Adriano, Templo de Domiciano, Hércules Gate, a famosa Biblioteca de Celso, o Grand teatro e outros sites romanos. Hence in 88 BC Ephesus welcomed Archelaus, a general of Mithridates, king of Pontus, when he conquered Asia (the Roman name for western Asia Minor). [32], King Ptolemy XII Auletes of Egypt retired to Ephesus in 57 BC, passing his time in the sanctuary of the temple of Artemis when the Roman Senate failed to restore him to his throne. We integrate process, digital and human dynamics to amplify and accelerate tangible progression, while from the start ensuring anchoring and sustainability of achievements.
[41] By contrast Rome within the walls encompassed 1500 hectares = 3,600 acres with a population estimated to between 750,000 and one million (over 1000 built-up acres were left outside the Aurelian Wall whose construction was begun in 274 and finished in 279) or 208 to 277 inhabitants per acres including open and public spaces. The Ionians refused a peace offer from Cyrus the Great, siding with the Lydians instead. [52] Pliny tells us that the magnificent structure took 120 years to build but is now represented only by one inconspicuous column, revealed during an archaeological excavation by the British Museum in the 1870s. [25] They were defeated by the Persian army commander Harpagos in 547 BC. Vasiliki Limberis, 'The Council of Ephesos: The Demise of the See of Ephesos and the Rise of the Cult of the Theotokos' in Helmut Koester. [68], The Tomb/Fountain of Pollio was erected in 97 AD in honour of C. Sextilius Pollio, who constructed the Marnas aqueduct, by Offilius Proculus. A number of figures are depicted in the reliefs, including the emperor Theodosius I with his wife and eldest son. [27] The new settlement was officially called Arsinoea (Ancient Greek: Ἀρσινόεια[28] or Ἀρσινοΐα[29]) or Arsinoe (Ἀρσινόη),[30][31] after the king's second wife, Arsinoe II of Egypt. Those cities were then ruled by satraps. There were 22 stairs in the theatre. Val di Neto Bianco Efeso 2016 - Val di Neto Bianco IGT (91/100 pts), Efeso 2015 - Val di Neto Bianco (91/100 pts), Efeso 2013 - Val di Neto Bianco (90/100 pts), Efeso 2013 - Val di Neto Bianco (91/100 punti), Efeso 2013 Between 53 and 57 AD Paul wrote the letter 1 Corinthians from Ephesus (possibly from the 'Paul tower' near the harbour, where he was imprisoned for a short time).
When Alexander the Great defeated the Persian forces at the Battle of Granicus in 334 BC, the Greek cities of Asia Minor were liberated. According to Strabo, it was second in importance and size only to Rome.[36]. However, the Greek cities were given freedom and several substantial rights. Ephesus is believed to be the city of the Seven Sleepers. Éfeso e Sirince Village - (8 Horas de Izmir / 7 horas de Kusadasi) Dirija até o Templo de Artemis, uma das sete maravilhas do mundo antigo. [7] This open-air theatre was used initially for drama, but during later Roman times gladiatorial combats were also held on its stage; the first archaeological evidence of a gladiator graveyard was found in May 2007. It was built in the 10th century BC on the site of the former Arzawan capital by Attic and Ionian Greek colonists. From these lands rich in sandstone we produce a complex and opulent white wine with great ageing potential. When the Seljuk Turks conquered Ephesus in 1090,[44] it was a small village. Create your own unique website with customizable templates. 1979. The theatre dominates the view down Harbour Street, which leads to the silted-up harbour. Ephesus continued to prosper, but when taxes were raised under Cambyses II and Darius, the Ephesians participated in the Ionian Revolt against Persian rule in the Battle of Ephesus (498 BC), an event which instigated the Greco-Persian wars.
A 29 de novembro de 2006, o Papa Bento XVI proclamou a Casa da Virgem Maria em Éfeso como um lugar sagrado. In 479 BC, the Ionians, together with Athens, were able to oust the Persians from the shores of Asia Minor. As a result of the subsequent Treaty of Apamea, Ephesus came under the rule of Eumenes II, the Attalid king of Pergamon, (ruled 197–159 BC). After Alexander's death in 323 BC, Ephesus in 290 BC came under the rule of one of Alexander's generals, Lysimachus. [37][38] More recent scholarship regards these estimates as unrealistic. But the inhabitants of Ephesus demurred, claiming that it was not fitting for one god to build a temple to another. Scherrer, Peter, Fritz Krinzinger, and Selahattin Erdemgil. Later, Paul wrote the Epistle to the Ephesians while he was in prison in Rome (around 62 AD). Thus Ephesus became part of the Seleucid Empire. According to Hittite sources, the capital of the Kingdom of Arzawa (another independent state in Western and Southern Anatolia/Asia Minor[12]) was Apasa (or Abasa). It has a concave façade.[67][68].
During his reign the city began to prosper. Marble sculptures were ground to powder to make lime for plaster.
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